Adopts the notion of an 'arch of knowledge' representing the double pathway of induction and deduction: from empirical observations to theoretical principles to predictions that may be tested experimentally.

This Element provides a pedagogical overview of the history of knowledge, including its main currents, distinguishing ideas, and key concepts. However, it is not primarily a state-of-the-art overview but rather an argumentative contribution that seeks to push the field in a certain direction – towards studying knowledge in society and knowledge in people's lives. Hence, the his...(展开全部)

The world didn't end on 10 September 2008, but the possibility may have got you thinking: was it worth the risk? What is the point of science actually? Geoffrey Gorham considers these questions and explores the social and ethical implications of science by linking them to issues facing scientists today: human extinction, extraterrestrial intelligence, space colonization, and mo...(展开全部)

This lucid and comprehensive essay by a distinguished philosopher surveys the views of Plato, Aristotle, Leibniz, and Kant on the nature of mathematics. It examines the propositions and theories of the schools these philosophers inspired, and it concludes by discussing the relationship between mathematical theories, empirical data, and philosophical presuppositions. 1968 editio...(展开全部)

格奥尔格·西美尔（Georg Simmel，1858-1918），德国著名社会学家、新康德学派哲学家，主要以关于社会学方法论的著作闻名。在学术研究中，他开创了许多不同的理论风格，把不同学科、不同方法论的视野融为一体，并借助哲学、心理学、社会学、经济学及神学的各种分析模式，研究了诸如宗教、货币经济、道德起源、群体自我保存等重要的文化现象。在西方，西美尔赢得了哲学、社会学和美学等领域的崇高声誉。卢卡奇把他称为那个时代最伟大的“过渡哲学家”，韦伯和哈贝马斯也曾对西美尔的研究给予了极高的评价。多年来，西美尔的著作已经被翻译成了多国文字。不仅在西方有一批西美尔的固定研究者，而且在亚洲也有庞大的西美尔研究队伍。

The story of philosophy is an epic tale, spanning civilizations and continents. It explores some of the most creative minds in history. But not since the long-popular classic by Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy, published in 1945, has there been a comprehensive and entertaining single-volume history of this great, intellectual, world-shaping journey. With char...(展开全部)

“A witty, learned, authoritative survey of philosophical thought.” —The New York Times Book Review The first authoritative and accessible single-volume history of philosophy to cover both Western and Eastern traditions, from one of the world’s most eminent thinkers The story of philosophy is an epic tale, spanning civilizations and continents. It explores some of the most crea...(展开全部)

AUTHORITATIVE AND ACCESSIBLE, THIS LANDMARK WORK IS THE FIRST SINGLE-VOLUME HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY SHARED FOR DECADES 'A cerebrally enjoyable survey, written with great clarity and touches of wit' Sunday Times The story of philosophy is an epic tale: an exploration of the ideas, views and teachings of some of the most creative minds known to humanity. But there has been no compr...(展开全部)